How jet Engines Works

 
How jet engine works. jet propelled airplanes use a turbofan

design the turbofan can be thought of as

a high-tech propeller inside of a duct

called a diffuser driven by a gas

generator the core the core of a jet

engine is a gas generator that creates

high-pressure gas to power a turbine

this setup has compressor combustor and

turbine sections the compressor

compressed air makes for a much more

powerful combustion reaction relative to

engine size compression happens in

stages that force incoming air into an

increasingly narrow chamber a single

compressor stage is comprised of a

spinning rotor paired with a ring of

stationary stator veins which are

attached to the core casing rotor blades

swirl the air as they force it through

the compressor stator vanes slow this

swirling momentum in exchange for

increased air pressure the compressor

has four low-pressure and ten

high-pressure stages the combustor air

is mixed with fuel and ignited as it

passes through the combustor releasing a

jet of super high-powered gas the design

shown here is an annular combustor

meaning ring shaped

compressed air enters the inlet nozzles

each nozzle is coupled with a fuel

injector and is designed to swirl the

incoming fuel and air for an even mix a

couple of igniter plugs not unlike the

spark plugs found in car engines ignite

this mixture and the reaction spreads

evenly around the ring once started

combustion continues as long as air and

fuel are supplied the turbine turbines

at the rear of the jet engine are

powered by exhaust gases exiting the

combustor much of the turbine power is

used to turn the fan while a smaller

percentage powers the compressor stages

turbine fins get extremely hot some air

from the compressor is diverted for

cooling and special coatings are used to

keep temperatures down the exhaust cone

is specially shaped to mix and

accelerate exhaust streams it also

covers sensitive internal engine parts

the fan early jet engines were turbo

jets where all incoming air flows

through the core

most modern winged aircraft engines are

turbo fans where only a fraction of air

enters the core or gas generator and the

resulting power turns a specially

designed fan again the fan can be

thought of as a high-tech propeller

inside of a duct air that does not enter

the core is called bypass air high

bypass engines are designed to move

large quantities of air at slower

cruising speeds a range of about 310 to

620 miles per hour the exchange for high

efficiency is engine size high bypass

engines can be very large with massive

fans compared to core size commercial

airliners or military transport aircraft

are example applications exhaust

velocity is a major factor in jet engine

noise high bypass engines surround

fast-moving core exhaust with large

quantities of slower moving bypass air

for quieter operation military fighter

aircraft use low bypass engines which

are more compact have high

power-to-weight ratios Plus supersonic

and afterburner capabilities in exchange

for things like poor noise control and

high fuel consumption afterburner

high-performance engines may have

afterburner capability additional fuel

is sprayed into a jet pipe section where

it mixes with exhaust gas and is ignited

producing a second stage of combustion

since afterburner is fuel inefficient

it's generally used in short bursts

during takeoff climb of combat maneuvers

the exhaust nozzle is adjustable for

maximum exhaust acceleration and to

avoid undesirable back pressure which

can harm Ford engine parts

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